I myself was never a fan of external wastegates. I thought they were generally over complicated and overly expensive and that about the only real benefit was the option to bled really loud raw exhaust out an external wastegate dump pipe ( screamer pipe ). And that they look cool. I did realize that some turbos/combos would need an external gate for better boost control, like.... If you tried to run 7psi on a T88 turbo or if you had something like a dsm where the internal gate can't bled off enough exhaust and you get "boost creep" (where you want to run say 15psi, but as rpm increases the boost does too, even when you don't want it to ).
But after years of more experienced guys telling to stick an external wastegate on these stock turbo upgrades because their stock turbine blades and housings are naturally too small/restrictive, I finally started researching ( the fiesta ST in not my first rodeo with stock turbo upgrades ).
What I found, I regretfully didn't bookmark, but mainly, what I found was the WRX tuners ( shop owners, not car owners ) were claiming dyno proven 25-30whp gains on stock upgraded turbos that went from internal gate to external gates. This was on the 2.0L cars.
I also found a srt4 member that had a dyno tuned car WITH AN EXTERNAL GATE ALREADY. It was also a turbo that already had a good sized turbine housing and turbine wheel. But on this srt4 he had an open dump. He changed his mind after he got it tuned and re-routed the external wastegate back into the downpipe and later found that he'd lost 38whp. So he went back to an open dump with a small muffler on it and dyno'd a 3rd time and found he gained the 38whp back again. The lesson that teaches is that, if your not going to vent the wastegate somewhere besides the downpipe/catback back, you prob should not spend money. It also shows on that car, the change from an internal gate ( if he'd had one to begin with ) to an external would have gained a minimum of 38whp, likely a good bit more.
External wastegates are also said to spool a turbo 500rpm sooner with all things being equal. I'm not sure of that, but it maybe another benefit for us.
General benefits include naturally lower EGT's as your pulling exhaust heat off the cylinders much closer to the exhaust valves. Your turbo should run much cooler as well since on heavy loads, most the hot gasses never reach the turbine housing, let alone the turbine wheel/center section. Better boost control without unwanted spikes (Russ/DHM was much happier with the GTX setup with an external gate vs the EFR that is/was an internal gate ).
These stock turbo's can run a pressure ratio of 3 to 1. Meaning for every 1psi of boost your seeing on the intake valve/intake manifold your getting 1,2, or even 3 psi in the exhaust manifold. So if your running 20psi, you could be seeing 60psi in your exhaust manifold. Now that being said, what do you think happens when the piston tries to push the exhaust out of the cylinder when the exhaust valves open the piston moves up? That piston is fighting against 60psi already in the manifold !!! If you can reduce that 60psi by 10psi, 20psi or even 5psi, your doing a world of good. This helps with reversion ( exhaust traveling backwards into the cylinder because that 60psi ).
Also... All the porting I do to the manifold exit and turbine inlet ? That will be even further improved because now, a good volume of the over all exhaust flow is moving out the wastegate in the manifold, it never travels or takes up space beyond the manifold. This is a big big reason why cars with very small turbine housings and turbine wheels stand to gain the most from an external wastegate upgrade. I once read on a volvo site ( and I agree ) that running an external gate off the manifold like this is like cheating the turbo into running like one that has a larger turbine housing, but without actually having a bigger turbine housing.
I'll be posting lots more. I don't have the parts in front of me right now, it will likely be Monday. But I'll try to show some mods that are required on the turbine housing ( to do it right anyway ).
Hope all that makes sense, I'm aware some of these things maybe new concepts to a lot of guys, but I'm willing to answer any questions the best I can, and if I don't know the answer; maybe someone else will