This. Always look at tire height in relation to the original height of 23.4". The 225/45R15 is only 23" in tire height so they are shorter than the OE size.
A good reference at this point is stay as close to OE tire height as you can but widen the tire as much as you can. The car needs as much grip as it possibly can get. Some approx. measurements from Tire Rack on sizes:
205/50R15 - 23.0"
225/45R15 - 23.0"
205/45R16 - 23.4"
215/45R16 - 23.6"
225/45R16 - 24.0"
205/50R16 - 23.9"
205/40R17 - 23.4"(OE SIZE)
215/40R17 - 23.9"
ah 205/45 16 is 23.26 not 23.4 its shorter than stock ride height.
Oh and your 215/40 17 is off as well its 23.77 not 23.9. I k ow this because I ran 215/40/17’s and like to look things up
As for 16’s
I also know this because I ran 205/45 16 RS Pro’s before I put on 215/45 16 RT660’s. So you can either go 7% taller and gain higher ultimate grip or go 8% shorter and get slightly better turn in at the expense of less ultimate grip because you have a narrower section with and tread patch.
Now this can vary as well as most manufactures do not absolutely adhere to sidewall stated section widths. My RS pros had a section width closer to if not wider than some 215’s . It probably measure out between a 210 and a 215 but not a 205.
Now my RT660’s are the same way they say 215 on the sidewall but have a section width that’s actually as wide as some 225’s . Both Federal and Falken are known for running wider than stated section widths.
Thats why its always wise to look for the measured section width vs stated . Ya Tire Rack lists that.
Federal has it on their website. Other tires it all depends.